How big is my phone screen for watching videos?

iPhone 16 Pro boasts a 6.3" - good move, product manager of iPhone 16 series, but it doesn't explain how big my YouTube videos would look, relative to my Pixel 3 - a spare device I use to tune into DIY or entertainment videos on YouTube, most of them bear a 16:9 aspect ratio.

I'm gonna compare how bigger a typical YouTube video looks on the newer 6.3" iPhone 16 Pro versus the Pixel 3's 5.5" screen. There's some high school math involved, but you can compare video size displayed on your existing phone with a new phone you are about to purchase/pre-order online, to give a sense of how big would a video look on that gorgeous new screen?

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Math involved is as simple as using Pythagoras’ theorem. The missing element here is aspect ratio: iPhone 16 Pro boasts a 19.5:9 aspect ratio 6.3" (16 cm) screen, while Pixel 3 boasts an 18:9 aspect ratio 5.5" (13.97 cm) screen. Screen sizes are always specified diagonally.

Now, for the math,

For iPhone 16 Pro,

(19.5x)^2 cm +  (9x)^2 cm = 16^2 cm
i.e. x ==> 0.7449 cm

16:9 Video Height i.e. 9x = 6.70 cm
16:9 Video Width i.e. 16x = 11.91 cm

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For Pixel 3,

(18x)^2 cm + (9x)^2 cm = (13.97)^2 cm
i.e. x ==> 0.481 cm

16:9 Video Height i.e. 9x = 6.23 cm
16:9 Video Width i.e. 16x = 11.08 cm

Can you imagine the possibilities? You can pitch your current phone against any new phone you are about to purchase online, without visiting a store. You'd know exactly how big your Youtube videos would look, by drawing them on a piece of paper. The 16 Pro would be a definite upgrade from my current iPhone 13 mini when it comes to video media consumption.

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Time 'O' Time

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You know how you lose track of time when working on your computer for extended hours, thanks to the teeny tiny clock sitting either at top-right or the bottom right corner of your mac or windows machine (gets even worse when using a full screen app). I felt the need of having a small digital clock (and not my wrist watch or the old school alarm clock) that used seven segment display, instead of LCD, so that every often when my eyes wander around the room in reverie, it can clearly catch a glimpse of time through those brightly lit bold red displays.

This dumb device does one thing right - it displays time, for now.

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Tilted for optimal viewing when working with MacBook on a table. The bubble displays are incredibly bright, each segment seeping in ~ 3 mA current (power save move), for a total of ~ 23 mA for the entire display array. HP did a fantastic job of creating these minuscule 8 segment modules and enlarging their size with the addition of those ginormous bubble-like lens. I had these bubble display modules laying around in my junk box for quite some time. I know TI calculators had bubble displays (TI-30 from mid 70s), however HP was the only manufacturer that commercially sold these, to be primarily used in for their test equipment lineup up until mid 90s to my knowledge.

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It uses two HP 5082 series bubble displays and Atmega 8L.

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The two PCB stacks can be dissembled to replace the uC, test components or resolder loose joints.

Those hook looking metal rods are connected to MOSI/MISO/SCK/RST of uC. The Atmega runs on internal oscillator (a mistake I later realised for RTC applications), however it provides reasonable accuracy of +/- 8 seconds per day (that's after compensating RC osc. generated clock jitter through OCR1A padding). Moral of the story: Use an external watch crystal through TOSCx pins, so that the RTC can be accurate and one can put the controller in power save mode, instead of idle mode.

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Soldering was a mess - I also made the mistake of purchasing a roll of subpar 32 AWG wire, whose insulation sheath melted even with a gentle touch of solder tip, hence those white tape patches to prevent insulation from melting due to excessive heating. Guess I should have etched PCB, instead of this wired mess on strip board. I tried to ensure that most solder joints are accessible, in case if they ever need any repairs/modifications.

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When unplugged, Atmega will automatically fall into sleep mode, cutting the I/O off from backup power source i.e. CR2032 to keep the timer interrupt up and running, thereby eliminating the need for me to set this clock every time it's plugged/unplugged from a USB power source.

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Each element of the clock i.e. hh/mm/ss has its own dedicated button. Okay, my mistake, the time set should have been 09:44:00.

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Using this as a desk clock or in this picture as a floor clock. The display is astonishingly bright and quite a sight during night time in low light.

Wait ... how long will my coffee stay warm at Starbucks?

Since holidays are upon us, and to break free from holiday spirit, I find myself driving to a coffee shop. While their upper level is often almost empty, it's an unspoken obligation of If your cup is empty, you better order something more ... so that you can sit more; made me wonder, "What kind of cup should I get my coffee into, from the ones available over the counter, so that I can sit at this coffee shop the longest?". The answer was quite simple - anything that's got a lid on top. Whether that's your takeaway cup or repurposing table coasters as lid (don't do that!) on porcelain house cup at given coffee shop or cafe that served your coffee in. That answers one half of the question - qualitatively speaking. But the more important question that needs to be addressed, "How can I ensure that my coffee stays warm the longest?"

This is how!

For brevity, I'm not gonna dive into full blown physics. In an ideal world, but this equation should suffice to understand what goes behind-the-scenes to understand. Let me spit out tl;dr right away before you have other important nuances in life to attend to,

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So how did I arrive to this conclusion? By some primitive testing,

Test 1: Lid Heat Retention Test On Two Identical Porcelain Cups

⤷ Test 1: Lid Heat Retention Test On Two Identical Porcelain Cups

Boiling hot water was poured in two identical porcelain cups. Left cup is covered by saucer (cup brim was sealed even when it looks tapered), and the right cup was covered by run-of-the-mill paper napkin.

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When both cups were filled and covered with lids, notice how both body and lid of left-side cup was hotter at touch than cup on right side. One might think that cup on right i.e. one with paper napkin is dissipating lesser heat to the surrounding and thus would stay even more warmer, right? Well, thanks to bi-material composition i.e. two different material types between cup's body and lid, cup on right side, even though being less warmer to touch, dissipates heat much faster. The end result - while body and lid of left cup is warmer at touch, somehow it retains heat from within, due to uniformity in inner surface composition. Hence I kept cup with hotter water within the GIF, while cup with relatively less hot water got kicked out,

Example

TL;DR of Test 1 : Using lid of same material as cup body retains heat longer

Now that we know to use lid of same material as cup body, time to pit two cup offerings usually offered by baristas at coffee shop - togo (or takeaway) cup vs porcelain cup

Test 2: ToGo Paper vs Porcelain Cup

⤷ Test 2: ToGo (or Takeaway) Paper vs Porcelain Cup

Had to bring home my cup from this other coffee shop, instead of tossing out in trash. After letting these two cups sit still for 15 minutes, I checked to see which one was even more warmer,

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⤷ And we have a winner - the ToGo (or Takeaway) cup!

How did that ToGo or Takeaway cup emerge out to be a winner? The answer lies in body structure of these cups. These cups are air insulated, double walled in architecture.

Inside of a ToGo/Takeaway Cup

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⤷ Internal Structure of ToGo/Takeaway Cup

The Polyethylene (PE) liner inside somehow blocks liquid from otherwise being soaked by porosity of paper walls. Now that I think about it, everyday use of ToGo or Takeaway cup can be detrimental for health, for the risk of ingesting micro-plastics with every sip of coffee from such cups.

I tried modeling such a composite cup structure, until I found heat transfer function for such composite materials in Department Of Energy documentation for nuclear reactors; something to do with cooling (if my memory serves right from few weeks ago, perhaps; something that I found late in middle of night and saved it as a web clipping in my lab journal).

Heat Transfer Function Of Composite Material - Ref. 1

⤷ Heat Transfer Function Of Composite Material - Ref. 1

Heat Transfer Function Of Composite Material - Ref. 2

⤷ Heat Transfer Function Of Composite Material - Ref. 2 (alternate source; somewhere online)

One of the other things that also mattered is ratio of cup's wall surface area, to the volume of beverage that's filled within. The empty space inside cup, determines how much vapor from beverage gets trapped in that air gap, and further dictates vaporization rate in that space, followed by convection through side-walls and lid on top. Starbucks advertises their Short, Tall and Grande drinks to be 8, 12, and 16 ounces in serving size respectively. But it took me a trip to local Starbucks outlet to get an approximate cup dimensions, and postulate that cup_surface_area/volume metric.

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Based on these amateur observations, calculations, half-baked experiments and inferences, I can say one thing: get a Tall sized drink in a takeaway cup and don't forget to ask Barista for a stopper, if you really wanna sit at a coffee shop for extended time and have your hot beverage last hot ... the longest.

On Velocity Saturation

Say if I lived in Mountain View and my workplace was in Cupertino (what a paradox!). Anyhow, it’s December of 2021 - everyone is relaxed, so I don’t have much “force” of getting to work at dot 9:00 am from home, well because we have a laxed project routine. So, my commute would be stress-free even with bumper-to-bumper traffic on De Anza college exit; I can travel at 45 mph and still get at work due to lenient “force of attraction” to work desk. But say it’s August of 2021, 6 weeks before major hardware launch. Whether I intend to drive at 55 or 65 mph or even eye tearing 75 mph - IT DOESN’T MATTER … because I’ll be severely limited by bumper-to-bumper traffic between 8:00 am and 9:00 am … … … if I drive at 55 mph, maybe I might have a low probability of having traffic collision, but at 65/75 mph with higher speed, comes higher probability to collide with a car in-front of me. No matter whatever I do, and the dire “force of attraction” to reach work desk by 9:00 am, no speed would matter, because the probability of collision would increase with increasing speed. Whether I drive at 55/65/75, I am just gonna be slightly earlier to reach at work with increasing speed, than the jump from driving at 45 mph to 55 mph (because cars may very well be driving between 45-55 mph, but if I drive at 65/75 mph, I’m gonna be bottled-necked by 45-55 mph of average moving traffic). That’s the concept behind velocity saturation - whatever speed you drive at, thanks to relatively slow speed of other cars, you are never gonna make it to your workplace at 9:00 am, even when driving at 65/75 mph, if you leave from home at 8:45 am, while the maps shows an ETA of 9:15 am at 45-55 mph average traffic speed consideration.

On a side-note: I often come across people with fallacy that electrons travel at a speed of light within conductors; you certainly don't expect electrons to travel at speed of light, do you[1]? Believe it or not, but more often electrons "travel" much slower than the average speed of snail - by roughly 600 times slower than the slowest known creature we always ascribe to being "slow" (hint: drift velocity)

[1] E. M. Purcell and D. J. Morin, “4.5,” in Electricity and magnetism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013

DIY: Curse of Camera Bump; The iPAD Pad!

When Apple came out with iPad Pro 10.5”, I was one of the firsts to drive down to their Cupertino store. The premise of 120 Hz ProMotion screen with noticeable fluidity in writing: I’ll buy that.

But this 10.5” beast was the dawn of camera bumps on tablets - TABLETS. Quite sure tablet is loosely a portmanteau for “let it stay flat on table”, besides the stone tablet our ancestors scribbled upon.

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Really, with camera bump on table, one cannot avoid the occasional, "Will it bend if I lay my palm on surface when using Apple Pencil?". And if you have Magic Keyboard, I’m quite sure you had this vulnerability wonderment. But then as I was emptying trash at my folks' place, something transpired,

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Based on thickness of this cake box, I had to bind two layers of cardboard cut-out to compensate for camera bump depth, when the iPad is supposed to stay flat on desk for what we might say the iPad Pad. Now for the camera bump through-hole,

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Take this “stencil” and stick it back on pad’s cut-out from earlier,

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You can carve out this camera bump through hole using paper cutter and ruler. You don’t need to curvature cut corners of this through-hole, except the outmost corner, which should be truncated diagonally to avoid making the adjoining area flaky.

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I then joined both these cut-outs using double sided tape. Although not needed but for peace of mind, I ended up covering the bottom side of camera cut-through using Post-It note.

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If the camera bump doesn’t fit through-hole, your can always carve out sides 3 and 4 with paper cutter to reduce friction between bump walls and cut-through edges. Just don’t muck with sides 1 and 2! The end result with before/after shot,

Example

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Pretty sure a large leftover box from Amazon delivery would have been equally usable, given its average 2-4 mm thickness. That being said at least at least I don’t have to worry about having an bent iPad, due to age, given the uneven stress by palm whilst using apple pencil on flat surface!